Lithoqflapher



F; POST.

Land Relief. NU.- 83.311. Patented Oct., 2o, 1868.

FREDERICK POST, OF PLANO, ILLINOIS.

Leners Pam.: No. 83,311, datazocwbw 2o, isos.

INEPROVEMENT IN P''LVERIZING-LAND ROLLER.

Th'e Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom it ma/y camera:

vented a new and improved Pulverizing-Land Roller; `and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,

clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making a part of this specification, and the letters of reference marked-thereon.

Figure 1 shows a rear,

Figure 2 a top, and 4 Figure 3 a side view.

Figure 4 shows the roller detached Afrom frame.

Parts lettered as follows:

A, roller.

B, scraper.

C, markers.

D, seat.

E, tongue.

F, shaft.

G, bearing for shaft.

H, braces. v

. I, shovel-standards.

K, sills.

L, cross-bars.

O, connections. Y v

I construct myvroller as follows: I take two pieces of timber, say four inches square and eight feet long, which I will'call sills, and two of same size, say three feet long, which' I will call cross-bars, and connect them together by bolts or otherwise, in the form of a frame, as shown in g. 2, the sills being shown by K K, and the' cross-bars by L. Y

I now place acrossthe centre of the frame another piece, of suitable size and length to form a tongue, as shown by E, iig. 2, to which to attach a team. This tongue I secure by bolts, and also by the braces H H, in iig. 2. I now' attach, by meansfof bolts,to each of the cross-bars L L, a bearing for the roller-shaft, each bearing having a hole near its lower extremity, `to receive the shaft. l

These bearings are constructed of the shape shown in fig. 3, by the part marked G, and must extend far enough below the frame to allow the roller to revolve upon a shaft through the holes in the bearings, without coming in contact with theframe.

I now construct three markers, in theshape of the shovels used for ordinary shovel-plows, as shown by parts marked C, to which I attach standards, as shown at I in iig. 1.

These standards I attach to the rean ends of` the cross-bars L L and the tongue E, by means of clamps and bolts.

For convenience, I allow the bearings G to extend back, as shown in gs. 2 and 3, past the rear end of the cross-bars L L, far enough to serve as the clamp upon the outside of the cross-bars.

The standards I are secured to these clamps by bolts passing through a holenear the end of each of the clamps, and also through the standards.

Through the standards I, however, are several holes,

` as shown in iig. 3, by means of which, and the bolts,

the standards may be adjusted, and their depth regulated.

As an additional support to these standards,1I makev a connection, of any material having sufficient strength, and attach one end to the standard I,-at a point be'- tween the shovel and its connection with the clamp,

and the other end directly in front of the standard, bymeans vof a staple, to the under side of one of the sillsA K. This` connection is shown at O in iig. 3.

I now erect above the tongue E, and near the centrel of the frame, a drivers seat, as shown 'at D.

I now construct a roller, say, in diameter, the size of an ordinary -land-roller, and nearly the length of the sills K K, or just s'uicient that, whenplaced in position underneath and parallel with the' sills KK, its ends may pass without friction between the bearings G G. Thisy roller I make in parts or sections, as shown in fig. 4,

-and around these sections I cut a series of channels or grooves, which groovesY are, Saly, two inches' in width at the top, or at the' circumference of the roller, but

diminish till they are of `no perceptible width at' the` bottom, and these grooves `being so close together that there shall be no perceptible space between them, that the circumference ofthe roller may prese-nt the appearance .of a screw, with the thread having a vsharp or cutting-edge, except that the edge is not continuous' or spiral, but each one independent. v

Now, these sections must not be so constructed that they may meet at the bottom of a groove, as in that ease the soil would be forced into the groove, forcing the sections apart, and causing them to bind between the bearings G G, but so arranged that the cutting-edge shall be upon the extreme end ofthe section, that where the sections meet, thev edges vupon the end of two sections may, in eiiect, form one edge.

I now place these sections in juxtaposition, to form the roller A, and place the same beneath the frame, and its ends between the bearings G G, and secure it, by the shaft F, through the holes for the through the roller and lthe bearings G G.

I now construct the scraper B of heavy sheet-iron, or other suitable material, and attach it by any suitable means to the rear of the frame, as shown in fig. l.-

Ihis scraper must be as long asthe roller, and wide enough to extend from the frame down as low as'the centre of the roller A. Now, the lower edge of this scraper is made with teeth like those of a saw, which teeth must be the same size as the grooves in the roller,

purpose,

andthis lower edge must be curved forward, as shown at B, fig. 3, until it shall come in close proximity to, and 'each one of these teeth enter, one of the grooves in the roller A, as shown in fig. l.

The grooves in the roller A may be made deep or shallow, that the cutting-edges may be as blunt or sharp as required, and the teeth in the scraper be made to correspond. i

The operation of my roller is as follows: If I am desirous only of rolling and pulverizing the land, I allow the markers to remain elevated, as now shown, and, attaching a team, pass the roller over the ground, as with an ordinary roller, but with the following different result: With an ordinary roller, having a smooth surface, when used on loamy ground in preparing it for corn, (which is cultivated in the West almost exclusively with the plow or cultivator,) many of the hard hunps are forced into the soft loam without being crushed, where they remain intact till the corn is being cultivated, to be again turnedhut and rolled upon the tender corn; but with this roller the cuttingedges are first pressed against the lumps, and enter them far enough to cause them to split or crack, after which, as the roller passes over them, they 'are finely crushed beneath its weight.

Furthermore, the grooves in this roller are made so deep in proportion to their width, that when forced full of soil by the weight of the roller pressing the cuttingedges their full depth into the ground, the soil will adhere to the roller, and be carried up till it meets the scraper A, and be by it scraped o", and allowed to fall to the ground, thus covering the surface of the ground with loose, finely-pulverized earth, and rendering it less liable to become, upon drying, covered with a crust, than when pressed down withthe smooth surface of ordinary rollers. ground for' planting with the same operation, I lower the standar L by means of the holes, as seen in g. 3, until the shovels C come in contact with and enter the ground to a suiiicient depth to answer the purpose.

Now, in marking with an ordinary marker, if.either of the outside markers meets with any extra resistance, as in passing over a hillck, the line of y draught is changed om the centre of the marker, and thrown towards the point of resistance, causing the marker to be thrown out of a straight course, though the team be driven straight, often causing, unavoidably, many short crooks in the rows of com. But by connecting the marker in the rear of a roller containing this series of cuttingedges,as the roller cannot be, except by great force, moved endwise, the marker is prevented from being thrown out of its course, and making the short crooks described above.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure -by Letters Patent, is-

The roller A, in`combination with the scraper B, markers C, sills K Kicross-bars L L, bearings G, and tongue E, all constructed and operating substantially as described.

- FREDERICK POST. Witnesses:

A. STEWARD, FRED. W. GODARD.

If I am desirous also of marking my 

